Ubuntu

远程桌面（太复杂了放弃）

# 安装
sudo apt update
sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-session xrdp
sudo systemctl enable xrdp

# 解决 xrdp 证书权限问题
sudo adduser xrdp ssl-cert

# 配置脚本（告知启动 GNOME）
echo "export GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE=ubuntu" >> ~/.xsessionrc
echo "export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=ubuntu:GNOME" >> ~/.xsessionrc
echo "export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/etc/xdg" >> ~/.xsessionrc
# polkit授权
sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/45-allow-colord.pkla
--------------------
[Allow Colord all Users]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-profile;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-device;org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-profile
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes

# 4. 重启 xrdp 服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl restart xrdp
sudo systemctl enable xrdp

# 5. 检查服务状态（确认 running）
sudo systemctl status xrdp

常用命令

1. root 密码
       sudo passwd,su root搞定
       sudo su 切换成超级用户
       exit 退出超级用户
2. 修改登录器
       sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm 
       默认lightdm将root屏蔽了,改为gdm则可以默认root登陆
3. 安装vim
       sudo apt-get install vim
4. VirtualBox extension 安装增强扩展工具
       依赖GCC编译器(sudo apt-get build-depgcc)    root用户#media/cd...,执行VBoxLinuxxxx.run    
       如果有报错'building the main guestt additions module fail'
       a) sudo apt-get install dkms build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
       B) sudo VboxLinuxxxx.run
5. 开机启动优化
   1. 开机启动
          配置文件/etc/rc.local
          对立面的启动项进行删除
          sudo update-rc.d -f xxxxxxx remove
   2. 系统内核
          查看系统内核列表
          dpkg --get-selections|grep Linux
          查看当前内核
          uname -a
   3. 清理无用内核
          sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-2.6.35-22-generic
6. 安装mysql
       sudo apt-get install mysql-server
       安装位置 /var/lib/mysql
       $mysql -u root 进入mysql
       GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY “123456”
7. 安装jdk
   1. 在线
              添加源    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
                      sudo apt-get update
              安装7    sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
              直接默认sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-7-oracle
              选择默认sudo update-alternatives --config java
              默认路径/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle
              验证    java -version;javac -version
   2. 离线
              解压    usr/java/java1.7xxx
              变量    sudo vim ~/.bashrc
              全局变量/etc/environment
                  #set java environment
                  JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle
                  JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
                  JAVA_BIN=$JAVA_HOME/bin
                  PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_BIN
                  CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH
                  export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
              生效    source ~/.bashrc
              设置默认
                  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/java 300  
                  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javac 300  
                  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/jar 300   
                  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javah javah /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javah 300   
                  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_60/bin/javap 300
              生效    sudo update-alternatives --config java
              验证    java -version;javac -version
   3. java支持中文
          cd /opt/jdk1.x/jre/lib/fonts 
          ln -s /usr/share/fonts/truetype/windows fallback
   4. 浏览器支持java
          firefox浏览器中输入 about:plugins 
          官方提供测试http://java.com/zh_CN/download/testjava.jsp
          JRE/bin/ControlPanel 打开java控制面板
          cd ~/.mozllia
          ln -s /usr/jdk1.6.0_10/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so 
8. 重启网络服务
       eth0 08-00-27-F0-BD-FA
       service network-manager restart|start|stop
       sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart 重启路由
       sudo ifconfig eth0 up
   #########这个方法有效##############
       sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
       #eth0 DHCP 自动获取
       auto eth0
       iface eth0 inet dhcp
       #eth0 ipaddress 静态IP
       auto eth0
       iface eth0 inet static
       address 192.168.1.80
       gateway 192.168.1.1
       netmask 255.255.255.0
   #########这个方法有效##############
9. 环境变量
       优先级                作用
       /etc/enviroment        系统变量,与登陆用户无关
       /etc/profile        所有用户变量,优先!
       ~/.bash_profile        用户的终端shell变量,并执行.bashrc
       ~/.bashrc            登陆时,打开shell时,被读取,优先!
10. G++
        sudo apt-get install g++
11. 防火墙操作
        sudo ufw default deny    默认规则设定为allow(只许可所列端口)
        sudo ufw enable            启动ufw防火墙
        sudo ufw disable        关闭ufw防火墙
        sudo apt-get install ufw获取并安装防火墙
        sudo ufw allow 22        许可22端口
        sudo ufw allow ssh        因为ssh使用22端口,与上命令等效
        sudo ufw allow 22/tcp     只许可22端口的tcp协议
        sudo ufw allow proto tcp from 192.168.0.1 to any port 22
        sudo ufw delete allow 22删除22端口的规则
        sudo ufw status            查看端口通讯状态
12. SSH搭建
        sudo apt-get install openssh-server    安装ssh服务
        ps -e |grep ssh                查看ssh启动状态(server+agent)
        netstat -tlp                查看ssh连接监听状态
        /etc/init.d/ssh start        启动ssh,看到sshd则成功
        sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart重启ssh
        /etc/ssh/sshd_config        ssh端口设置
        使用Xftp/FlashFXP/WinSCP都可以
13. 解压和压缩
        .tar         解包    tar xvf FileName.tar
                       打包    tar cvf FileName.tar DirName
        .gz          解压    gunzip FileName.gz  gzip -d FileName.gz
                       压缩    gzip FileName
        .tar.gz    解压    tar zxvf FileName.tar.gz
                       压缩    tar zcvf FileName.tar.gz DirName
        .tgz        与上同
        .bz2        解压    bzip2 -d FileName.bz2  bunzip2 FileName.bz2
                       压缩    bzip2 -z FileName
        .tar.bz2  解压    tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz2
                       压缩    tar jcvf FileName.tar.bz2 DirName
        .bz         解压    bzip2 -d FileName.bz  bunzip2 FileName.bz
                      压缩    未知
        .tar.bz   解压    tar jxvf FileName.tar.bz
                      压缩    未知
        .Z          解压    uncompress FileName.Z
                     压缩    compress FileName
        .tar.Z    解压    tar Zxvf FileName.tar.Z
                     压缩    tar Zcvf FileName.tar.Z DirName
        .zip       解压    unzip FileName.zip
                     压缩    zip FileName.zip DirName
        .rpm    解包    rpm2cpio FileName.rpm | cpio -div
        .deb     解包    ar p FileName.deb data.tar.gz | tar zxf -